Introduction of Mohenjo-Daro
The earlier form and standard of the urban planning system and society has been shown by the Moston jo daro one. The most developed and preserved archeological site of the world and the representing city of the Indus valley civilization. The current day city of Pakistan, Sindh was established around 2500 BC and it became one. The most prominent city of that era until it declined around 1900 BC.
Mohenjo-daro or interpreted as ‘Mound of the dead’ was business trading, art, and political center in the Indus Valley Civilization. Multistoried constructions and demonstrated the core of city planning and engineering science of the early period. Museum artifacts in form of pottery seals and tools unearthed. The archeological research reveal organizations of the civilization that thrived in the area through trade, farming and art. This begs the question, a writing system of the people of the Ilndus valley is still unknown to the scientists. Despite all these features it is still unknown what caused the decline of Mohenjo-Daro: floods, drought, wars, riots, invasions, etc. Nonetheless, the site is still valuable as an archaeological site that offers. An exceedingly rich angle on one of the initial urban societies.
History of Mohenjo-Daro
The urban centre of the Indus Valley Civilization, Moenjo-Daro. The was occupied by circa 2600 BCE and was in florescence between 2400 2000 BCE. Its position in the middle of the big river valley made it possible for it to become a major center of trade and business.
The principal economic activities of the people of Mohenjo-Daro included farming. Animal herding together with bakery and trade, and the artefacts they left behing such as seals. Pottery and utensils among others depict them as a hard working and very wealthy society. The city has made great progress; however, it started its downfall around 1900 BCE and the causes are still unknown. Today the site of Mohenjo-Daro is a magnificent archeological site which illustrates one of the earliest civilizations in the world.
overview:
Sindh currently inclusive in Pakistan certainly owns one of the earliest. Established circa I jit2000 BC the city is famous with various architectures such as good arrangement. The streets and drains or large edifices like the Great Bath. They knew arts, crafts, trade as well as agriculture and business.
Despite rapid growth, the city collapsed at some point between 1900-1800 B.C.E. The until now, the reasons behind the fall of the city are still unknown. It was brought to the surface in the 1920s, People continued digging trenches. The discovery helps them to prove many discoveries. The life and accomplishments of the Indus Valley people. Today Mohenjo-Daro is a World Heritage site that still allows tourists. To catch a view of one of the world’s oldest and most advanced urban centers.
Photography:
Many people would like to know what Mohenjo-Daro looks like today. Photographs can visualize the past of Indus Valley Civilization. The site offers regained well-protected remains of the city and stunning red-brick. Buildings in comparison with the vast stretch of the Arabian desert. Images to the city help depict geometrical pattern of the city with wide roads. Complex drainage engineering and large edifices such as the Great Bath or the capabilities of the city still effectively showcase the Great Bath.
Their broken state and sandy locations of Sindh present the time passed and raise. The question about the civilization’s disappearance suddenly. Moreover, the fact of finding various artefacts, seals and pottery, documentation is made by photographs and demonstrate. The high level of craftmanship and life of the people. In general, the Mohenjo-Daro photography provides not only documentation. The archaeological value of the place but also provides witness to an ancient world unknown. To many people today in which they can touch the antiquity of human civilization.
Spiritual:
Spirituality the Indus valley civilization despite this there is much cryptic about most of their beliefs and practices. The organization of city’s with well thought out streets and buildings implies a reckoned society possibly. The religion or ceremonial activities intermingled with lifestyle. The site possesses perhaps the greatest of all Indus buildings, the so-called Great Bath; its exact purpose is still uncertain. But some historians speculate that it may have been used for ritual cleansing. The since water plays an essential role in most of the known Indus cults.
The absence of opulent cathedrals and shrines in the city make scholars think. The Indus Valley people had no elaborate hierarchical religious system and might have worshiped nature. There are objections or doubts to some of the religious rituals followed in Mohenjo-Daro and it cannot be denied. That it is a very important site that can provide ideas about the early humans’ interaction with the divine and sacred in forming the religious profile of some of the ancient civilizations.
Cultural and Social:
The urban site of Moenjo-Daro in the context of the thoroughly urban Indus Valley Civilization was a locus of cultural and social production. The fact that the city has planned streets so neatly with apparently four main gates suggesting the layout of a military base, provision of public baths, large open places to gather, and a sophisticated art display show that Mesopotamia indeed had a highly organized society that believed in community interaction and cultural creative outlet. It is sequentially proposed that the Great Bath was sociologically vital for city’s inhabitants, perhaps employed for rituals or for social meetings. Other evidence that has come out of the site include seals, pottery and figurines which pointed to the cultural history of the civilization.
Mohenjo-Daro Conservation Focus :
Management of Mohenjo-Daro is a topic of this research study because it is one of the oldest civilization cities in the world, relevant to Indus Valley Civilization. Despite the obscure history of Mehrgrah, there have been several attempts to protect the site, yet; these activities have had critical challenges. Including flooding, erosion, extreme climate of the Sindh region.
It is in the area of conservation that emphasis lies on preserving the ruins of the provided town’s neatly laid out street pattern, official buildings and of course the great bath structure all of which remain vulnerable to deterioration. Also, the proper conservations of the artifacts that were collected from the site include pottery, seals and the figurines will help the archaeologist to understand their way of living. To tackle these threats UNESCO and the government of Pakistan has taken measures like frequent checkups, structural consolidation and controlling the looting of site. The long-term conservation goal of Mohenjo-Daro is to preserve the site both for the use of future generations of scholars and visitors as well as to keep its status of the World Heritage site intact.
Mohenjo-Daro Geography and Landscape:
Many historians believe that Mohenjo-Daro lies in the province of Sindh in modem Pakistan, at the larger of the two branching of the Indus River in the great alluvial region. The site is situated on the boundary of the Thar Desert and thus it benefited from an inherent geographical advantage that helped shape its evolution into a critically influential urban centre. Subsequently, the shifting course of the river Indus which once passed through the city of Mohenjo-Daro offered the necessities of a channel for irrigation, trade and transport.
The city itself is on a series of small artificial terraces, which suggests the attempts at early city planning the civilization made to avoid the monsoon floods. The nearness to the river also helped in business since Mohenjo-Daro was central for business along the Indus. The appropriate geographical location, contributing to the availability of advanced facilities and technology made Mohenjo-Daro one of the foremost significant cities of the antediluvian world.